A new generation of radiopaque theranostic nanoparticles based on metal oxides (Fe₃O₄, ZrO₂:Gd, GdF₃) with a functional polymer shell has been created, which provides selective cell recognition due to its ability to bind to lectins or antibodies. The developed nanoparticles have demonstrated high efficiency in labeling mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and superiority over commercial nanopreparations (e.g., Endorem®) in animal experiments.
X-ray and MRI imaging showed clear detection of cells in tissues and the associated effect of bone defect regeneration in a rat model. Studies confirm the effectiveness of delivering stem cells and growth factors to affected areas using polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. On the 8th and 15th days after implantation, the experimental groups showed stimulation of osteoregeneration processes compared to the control group.
The development is promising for tissue engineering, orthopedics, regenerative medicine, as well as for the creation of combined diagnostic and therapeutic systems (theranostics) with real-time control.